Category: Telecommunications

At Citi Global Hotels Vegas Media &amp Telecommunications Conference

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Russian Telecommunications Market To Be Worth More Than 30bn In 2012

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Current situation

According to the latest report The telecommunications market in Russia 2011. Development forecasts for 2011-2015 published by PMR, a market research company, the value of the telecommunications services market in Russia increased by 17.3% year on year to 27.3bn in 2010, from approximately 23.2bn in 2009. The growth rate measured in local currency was lower and amounted to 10%. It should be noted that PMR last year forecasts concerning the telecoms market value in 2010, excluding exchange rate fluctuations, assumed the growth rate of 4 p.p. lower than the actual result.
Overall economic recovery in the country continue to be one of the main market growth drivers in 2010. The demand for telecommunications services in Russia went up after the crisis which hit the Russian economy end of 2008. In 2010, after a sharp decline in 2009, operators also increased the investments in the construction of new networks and the improvement of service quality.

The Russian telecommunications market has been steadily increasing, starting in 2000 with the development of mobile telephony and internet access. In the last two years, the market was affected by the migration of voice traffic from fixed to mobile networks and also to the internet and, as a result, the segment of fixed-line telephony began to stagnate. The growth of mobile voice services also declined with the increasing maturity of this market. The most dynamic during recent years was the segment of internet access, including both fixed and mobile technologies. This market was an area of business growth for the operators in 2009-2010, and it will continue to play a role of the development driver for the entire telecommunications market in Russia, considering its relatively low maturity.
Mobile telephony is by far the largest segment of the Russian telecommunications market. Based on the revenue reports provided by operators, total sales of mobile voice and non-voice services in Russia in 2010 amounted to RUB 710bn (17.7bn), which is 10.6% more than in the previous year measured in roubles, or 17.9% measured in euros. The mobile telephony market accounted for the largest part of the telecommunications spending in Russia last year. Even if to exclude mobile VAS and to consider only the mobile voice segment, the mobile telephony share would reach the level of almost 50% in 2010, while the total number of registered SIM cards already exceeded 150% of the total population of Russia.
Provision of access to the internet remains the most dynamic and fast growing segment of the telecommunications market in Russia, which increased by 30% year on year in 2010. This growth of the market was driven by quickly increasing penetration of fixed-line broadband but also enhanced by the fast expansion of 3G networks and the operators active promotion of mobile internet.

3G and LTE uptake

With the commercial launch of UMTS networks in 2008, an increasing contribution to the growth of the mobile telephony market in Russia is already coming from non-voice value-added services provided in mobile networks, especially from broadband internet. Development of 3G networks is also changing the landscape of the Russian mobile telephony market. Operators from the Big Three group got a new source of revenue from the development of mobile broadband internet, which became the main 3G application.
Meanwhile, two concepts of the future LTE networks development in Russia have been recently presented. In December 2010, the Russian government proposed to create LTE Consortium which was expected to come up with proposals related to the development of 4G networks in the country. The consortium was created by the leading national telecommunications operators, including Rostelecom, MTS, VimpelCom and MegaFon. Smaller regional operators were not invited to join. Mid of 2011, LTE Consortium presented a report which states that the available radio spectrum is feasible to be shared between four operators and each of the operators will need to invest RUB 85.7bn (2.1bn) to install approximately 20,810 base stations covering over 10,400 of locations in the country with more than 1,000 of inhabitants, i.e. to build a federal LTE network. The condition is that the operators will use simultaneously a 690-880 MHz and 2,500-2,700 MHz radio bandwidth having 30 MHz spectrum each. In March 2011, there was also an agreement between MTS, MegaFon, VimpelCom, Rostelecom and Skartel, which had already had available a bandwidth for LTE, that Skartel would build LTE networks in 180 cities and towns in Russia and would give each of the operator 20% capacity in this network. Skartel expects to invest approximately RUB 60bn (1.5bn) in the project.
It is not certain yet what kind of strategy for LTE development will be applied in Russia. Either the government will announce a tender for four federal licences or Skartel will build the network. A real barrier for the development of the LTE network in the country is the fact that radio bandwidth is already used by military communication systems and the investments in conversion are considered to be very high. All in all, the most probable scenario now could be the launch of the first LTE networks in Russia not earlier than in 2014 comments Pawel Olszynka, a PMR analyst and one of the report authors.

Short-term forecasts

Macroeconomic development forecasts for Russia for 2011-2012 are positive. GDP is expected to reach 4.5% annually. This remains a good background for the business development and investments in telecommunications services and networks. The growth in the consumers confidence boosts the demand for IT and telecommunications services and facilitates the spending on personal computers, mobile phones and the internet.
The Russian telecommunications market will continue its upward trend over the next two years or so, triggered by the growing internet services market, both in fixed and mobile networks. One strategic advantage of the Russian ISP market over other Central and Eastern European countries is its big size, poor development and territorial coverage, therefore, almost all providers and all wire and wireless technologies will have a chance to get their niche. In a broader perspective, the services connected with the telecommunications market, e.g. digital pay TV, will also play a more important role. The mobile market in Russia will not be driven by simple emission of millions of SIM cards, but rather by attracting customers to actively use new services. Non-voice and more advanced value-added services will continue to gain in significance and an increasing proportion of mobile carrier revenues will come from this source.

This press release is based on information contained in the latest PMR report entitled Telecommunications market in Russia 2011. Development forecasts for 2011-2015

For more information on the report please contact:
Marketing Department:
tel. /48/ 12 618 90 00
e-mail:

Things That Can Get Educators in Legal Hot Water

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Remember those World War II posters that warned, “Loose Lips Sink Ships?” Well, that dire wisdom is just as urgent today. It is possible that a comment ingenuously made in the faculty room, in an email, during an IEP meeting or a phone call can cause a teacher embarrassment, at best, or a district to become embroiled in a lawsuit, at worst. Caution to be professional at all times as well as ever mindful of confidentiality laws has always been a top priority of school districts. However, in our digital age, this issue has taken on a new meaning and has escalated caution to another level.

In order to ferret out the most critical concerns facing schools today and some tips for how to deal with these concerns, I spoke with four lawyers who work with schools on a regular basis. Following are some of the insights gleaned from those conversations.
What is considered written documentation?

Anything and everything written about a student on school grounds can be subpoenaed for use in court. Attorney Dianna Halpenny of Sacramento, California, reinforces that anything in writing with a student’s name in it is part of the official student record. It is not necessarily true that if teachers keep it at home that it is not a student record.

Email communication

When faced with the challenge of keeping email private on school servers, teachers used to be advised to use web mail versus a downloadable email client such as Microsoft Outlook, Eudora, or Thunderbird. The belief was that web mail such as Yahoo mail; Hotmail, Mail2Web, etc. were safe.

Attorney Pamela Parker of Austin, Texas, reveals another, less known, fact: even web-based email is forensically accessible. Web-based email history may still be on the school server. Parker acknowledges that schools are not necessarily monitoring emails; however, a forensic computer specialist can recreate the emails if necessary. The reality of today’s world is that everything that is digital lives forever. Parker employs a sound analogy, “Having a conversation by email or text message is no different than having a private conversation on stage at Carnegie hall in front of a full house. Most people won’t pay attention, but some will.”

Teachers may send an email to a parent, colleague, supervisor, etc. believing that the email will remain confidential between them. However, there is no guarantee that the recipient of an email will respect that confidentiality or realize the importance of keeping the interaction private. Sometimes, despite all good intentions, emails are forwarded accidentally. This easily happens when the writer uses “reply all” or continues to respond to an email that has the entire thread attached. I’ve been amazed at what I’ve had included in a message to me when I have been added as a recipient midstream in an email conversation. When I scroll down, I might read conversation to which I should not have been privy. Here’s a tip: Look at what’s attached to the bottom of your email before you hit “send!”

Phone messages

Another consideration is phone messages. Not only can they be overheard, they can be forwarded. Parker contends that even a teacher’s children might see and pass on text messages or phone emails. Parker advises educators to have critical conversations in person.

Attorney Brad King of Richmond, Virginia, goes on to explain that even messages on personal phones, especially those regarding relationships with students, can become public domain. He explains that teachers’ phone records can be involved in litigation. Again, the digital age brings a new level of accountability to the issue. Digital phone messages, as well as text messages, are easily forwarded and potentially retrieved.

Text messages

Have you ever gotten a text or sent a text that was meant for someone else? Are you sure that deleted texts are not potentially accessible if a related case was brought to court? How much text messaging is available is dependent on your telecommunication carrier. There may be information out there that you do not know is there.

Contributors:
Diana D. Halpenny
Attorney at Law
Kronick, Moskovitz, Tiedemann & Girard, Inc.

Pamela Parker
Attorney at Law
Austin, Texas

Bradford A. King, Esq.
Thompson McMullan, P.C.

Mark Joel Goldstein
Attorney

Network Support For Computer Motherboard

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In any type of computer, motherboard is the main component, which holds many vital parts of the system and provides connections to other peripherals. It acts as a communication highway. Each part of the computer system communicates to each other through the motherboard. The objective of the motherboard is provide a communication channel to all other peripherals and parts of the computer system.

Brief History Of Motherboard
In the earlier times when computer was first invented, the device used to be built in a frame or a case with parts connected through a backplane. The backplane comprised a set of slots interconnected through wires. After the arrival of printed circuit boards, the central processing unit, read only memory, random access memory, peripherals were mounted on the PCBs. As time passed by in the 1970s and 1980s, more and more numbers of components started getting housed on the motherboard due to economical reasons. In the 1990s, the motherboards became capable of performing video,audio,networking and graphics functions.

Overview Of Motherboard
Generally a computer motherboard has microprocessor, main memory and other vital components, mounted on it. Other parts like video and sound controllers, external storage and peripheral devices are connected to motherboards through plug-in cards. In the latest motherboards, all these components are mounted directly.

Motherboard Chipset
One of the most important component of motherboard is chipset. It controls the data flow through the data bus of the motherboard. Channelizing the data to the correct component is the primary objective of the chipset.

Motherboard Components
The motherboard contains connectors for all components. Expansion slots for PCI,ISA,AGP,DIMM and external connections for serial and parallel ports,USB ports,sound card,keyboard and mouse are mounted on it.

Keyboard & Mouse Connectors
All computers have keyboard ports connected to the motherboard. Two most commonly used connector types are DIN and AT. Nowadays mini DIN PS/2types of connectors are replacing ST types of connectors. PS/2 style sockets could be used with AT types by using a converter. USB connectors are also found in some PCs.

Parallel Port
Parallel ports are used by printers. On parallel port, multiple wires are used for carrying data signals. A 25 pin female DB connector is used in parallel port. Motherboards directly support parallel ports through direct connection or dongle.

Central Processing Unit
The component is also known as CPU. It controls all operations that are performed inside a computer. CPUs are basically large scale integrated circuits in rectangular small packages with multiple connecting pins. CPU consists of mainly two components,namely Arithmetic Logical Unit(ALU) and Control Unit(CU). ALU performs arithmetic and logical operations and CU fetches instructions from memory and execute them.

Universal Serial Bus
Universal Serial Bus or USB is an industry standard connection for PC. The speed of USB 3.0, the latest standard of USB, is 5 Gbits/second.

Basic Input Output System- Read Only Memory(BIOS ROM)
The BIOS ROM chip, which is a permanent memory,contains the software program which performs the basic operations when the computer is switched on. When the computer is powered up, the microprocessor searches for basic diagnostic information in BIOS ROM., such as, how much memory is available, whether all peripherals are working properly, if an external drive is connected,etc. When diagnostic information is found to be OK, then only the computer starts its operation.

Random Access Memory(RAM)
RAM is a temporary memory. It is used to store data when computer is powered up. Once the computer is switched off, this memory id erased.

Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory(EEPROM)
EEPROM is erasable programmable read only memory. It is possible to read from and write to this type of memory. Once the computer is switched off, data stored in EEPROM is retained.

Slots
Generally two types of slots are available on motherboard, namely AGP slots and PCI slots. AGP slots are used for graphics cards, while devices like modems, network cards and sound cards use PCI slots.

IDE Connector
This connector is used for connecting hard disks, CD and DVD.

Floppy Connector
The computer’s floppy drive is connected through this connector.

PC Support
Since motherboard contains so many components, any defective component could make the computer nonfunctional. Many online network support providers are rendering round the clock support for motherboards. In case the user faces any problem related to motherboard, immediately the help of PC support providers should be sought to mitigate the problem.

Relevance of International cell phones for the globetrotters

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Nowadays, people can easily travel to any part of the world with a reliable pocket sized international cell phone in their hands that helps them to make calls the minute they arrive on the international airport. People require different handset for using in a foreign country as the same handset that you have been using in your own country might not function in places that follow the different network frequencies. Therefore it is a known fact that you will not be able to use your phone in a foreign country if it follows different set of frequency signals for network coverage.

Now people can easily travel to any part of the world without bothering about their connectivity needs Owing to the cost-effectiveness and easily availability of international cell phone rental services provided by the leading international telecom companies like Rebelphone. These companies have substantially improved the international telephony services and made it really easy for the globe trotters. These companies provide appropriate solution that would not only resolve your connectivity needs, but also help you to save money.

Whether you are travelling to Japan, UK, Australia, Italy, Canada, India or any other country, you can easily find an appropriate solution for all your international telecommunication needs. Besides offering unlocked GSM mobile phones on rent, these companies also provide international cell phone plans that make it further simpler for the travelers. These plans include country specific international SIM cards that come with affordable tariff plans. The international cell phone plans for calling are available in both prepaid and postpaid options. The travelers can easily choose one according to their requirements. These global SIM cards offer several advantaged to the users and help them save loads of money spent over telephone calls.

Most of the international cell phone companies offer their services at very reasonable prices. The services offered by these companies are very reliable and you can easily rely on their latest gadgets with the assurance that it will work in the foreign destinations. It is one of the cheapest ways to fulfill your mobile phone requirements while touring foreign countries. The international cell phone rental services help the users to save a lot of money. Rather than buying a new phone for the specific period of travel, travelers can easily rent an international cellular phone to make calls during their visit. The international cellular phones provided on rent by most of the telecom companies are full of hi-tech features that enable them to perform several important functions over the instrument. They can easily make calls, receive calls, send SMS, receive SMS, send & receive MMS, retrieve voice mails and access other advanced facilities over the phone. Improved International cell phones and related services have definitely made it easier for the travelers to fulfill their entire global telecom requirements. Do not forget to obtain these services before leaving the country.